Impedance spectroscopy studies of calcium doped (Ca=0.01, 0.05, 0.1) sodium bismuth titanate (NBT), that is, ( Na 1/2 Bi 1/2)1-x Ca x TiO 3 (NBCT) solid solution are studied as a function of temperature (RT — 575°C) and frequency (100 Hz–1 MHz). The electrical properties and equivalent circuit parameters of Ca doped NBT, and it's bulk and grain boundary effects are studied with impedance spectroscopy as a non-destructive testing tool.
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Saradhi et al. (2002) studied this question.
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