Key result
Four endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (Npm1, Jkamp, Get4, and Lpcat3) demonstrated high diagnostic potential for type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy, with ROC-AUCs ranging from 0.8639 to 0.9349.
Why the study?
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy pathogenesis, but related diagnostic markers have not been well studied.
Npm1, Jkamp, Get4, and Lpcat3 were identified as potential endoplasmic reticulum stress-related diagnostic biomarkers for type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Hypothesis-generating for endoplasmic reticulum stress biomarkers in type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy; human validation required before clinical consideration.
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is a serious complication in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and has become a growing public health problem worldwide. There is evidence that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the pathogenesis of DC, and related diagnostic markers have not been well-studied. Therefore, this study aimed to screen ERS-related genes (ERGs) with potential diagnostic value in DC. Methods Gene expression data on DC were downloaded from the GEO database, and ERGs were obtained from The Gene Ontology knowledgebase. Limma package analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the DC and control groups, and then integrated with ERGs to identify ERS-related DEGs (ERDEGs). The ERDEGs diagnostic model was developed based on a combination of LASSO and Random Forest approaches, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) and validated against external datasets. In addition, the association of the signature genes with immune infiltration was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm and the Spearman correlation test. Results Gene expression data on DC were downloaded from the GEO database and ERGs were obtained from the Gene Ontology Knowledgebase. Limma package analysis identified 3100 DEGs between DC and control groups and then integrated with ERGs to identify 65 ERDEGs. Four diagnostic markers, Npm1, Jkamp, Get4, and Lpcat3, were obtained based on the combination of LASSO and random forest approach, and their ROC-AUCs were 0.9112, 0.9349, 0.8994, and 0.8639, respectively, which proved their diagnostic potential in DC. Meanwhile, Npm1, Jkamp, Get4, and Lpcat3 were validated by external datasets and a mouse model of type 1 DC. In addition, Npm1 was significantly negatively correlated with plasma cells, activated natural killer cells, or quiescent mast cells, whereas Get4 was significantly positively correlated with quiescent natural killer cells and significantly negatively correlated with activated natural killer cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study provides novel diagnostic biomarkers (Npm1, Jkamp, Get4, and Lpcat3) for DC from the perspective of ERS, which provides new insights into the development of new targets for individualized treatment of type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Tang et al. (2025) studied Type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy (n=32). Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (Npm1, Jkamp, Get4, Lpcat3) vs. Control samples was evaluated on Diagnostic performance (ROC-AUC) of the signature genes (ROC-AUCs of 0.9112, 0.9349, 0.8994, and 0.8639). Four endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (Npm1, Jkamp, Get4, and Lpcat3) demonstrated high diagnostic potential for type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy, with ROC-AUCs ranging from 0.8639 to 0.9349.
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