Due to the development of reliable H− ion sources, charge-exchange injection into circular accelerators has become routine. For preacceleration of heavy ions tandem generators with a stripping foil are used in order to double the energy with the same high voltage. This article reviews recent developments in negative hydrogen ion sources. The underlying physics, operating parameters, and beam characteristics of selected sources will be described and compared.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
J. Peters (2000) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: