Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects in the Production of Nontransgenic, Genome-Edited Plants

The review summarizes the problems, achievements, and prospects of various approaches related to the delivery of components of DNA editing systems to plant cells, the regeneration of whole plants with an edited genome, and the development of transgene-free or transgene-clean crops. Here, an attempt was made to systematize the results of various studies describing the successful production of genome-edited (GE) plants with various genome modifications/mutations via the application of nuclease DNA–editing systems (ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas). We discuss the main directions for the development of nuclease-based genome-editing methods to obtain GE plants free of foreign sequences from genome-editing tools.