Breast cancer is a heterogenous disease, and after three quarters of a century of conformity in the treatment of primary breast cancer, a quiet change in treatment has occurred. Many alternative approaches are being tried. Surgical options now range from the classic Halsted mastectomy to removal of the tumor alone (lumpectomy). Irradiation may be the sole treatment or may not be used at all. Adjuvant systemic therapy, if used, has ranged from giving a single agent briefly after mastectomy to giving combination chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for as long as two years. Because it is not at all clear which . . .
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Canellos et al. (1982) studied this question.