Mechanism of Huo-Xue-Qu-Yu Formula in Treating Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Effects of HXQYF on body weight (BW) during the experiment period. Rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). The NAFLD rats were administered with HXQYF (22.5, 45, 90 mg/kg). Essentiale (ESS) was adopted as a positive control for comparison. The BW of rats was measured in different weeks until the end of the experiment. BW values given are in means ± SD, with n = 10. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 versus normal. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 versus HFD. Statistically significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test or post hoc analysis.

• 

  Figure 2. Effects of HXQYF on (a) TC, (b) TG, (c) LDL, and (d) HDL levels and (e) AI value in serum at 4–18 weeks. Experimental details were described in Figure 1. After 18 weeks of treatment, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were measured. Values given are in means ± SD, with n = 10. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 versus normal. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 versus HFD. Statistically significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test or post hoc analysis.

• 

  Figure 3. Effects of HXQYF on liver and renal function. Experimental details are described in Figure 1. After treatment with HXQYF (22.5, 45, 90 mg/kg), serum ALT and AST at 4–18 weeks and serum CR and BUN at the 18th week were measured. Values given are in means ± SD, with n = 10. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 versus normal. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 versus HFD. Statistically significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test or post hoc analysis.

• 

  Figure 4. Effects of HXQYF on histopathological changes of the hepatic tissue at the 18th week. Experimental details are described in Figure 1. After treatment with HXQYF for 18 weeks, histopathological changes of the hepatic tissue analyzed by image Pro-Plus 7200 software. HE staining, 200x magnification. (a) Normal control group. (b) HFD-fed group. (c) HXQYF (90 mg/kg) group. (d) ESS (136.8 mg/kg) group.

• 

  Figure 5. Effects of HXQYF on APOA1 and APOB levels in serum at the 18th week. Experimental details are described in Figure 1. After 18 weeks of treatment with HXQYF (22.5, 45, 90 mg/kg), APOA1 and APOB were measured. Values given are in means ± SD, with n = 10. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 versus normal. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 versus HFD. Statistically significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test or post hoc analysis.

• 

  Figure 6. The mRNA expressions of PPAR-α, AdipoR2, CPT1, CYP2E1, and SREBP-1c in normal, HFD, and HXQYF (45 mg/kg) groups. Relative abundance of mRNA expression was calculated by the well-recognized 2−△Ct method. Each bar or dot and error bar represents mean ± SD (n = 6). #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 versus normal. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 versus HFD. Statistical significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test or post hoc analysis.