Lithium chloride (LiCl)-modified polyethersulfone (PES) substrate surface pore architectures on thin poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) dense layer formation and the composite membrane's performance in gas separation

gas at a consistent selectivity of about 14. As the PDMS layer of the same volumes were used and no significant difference in the coating thickness was noted, the mixed influence of pore intrusion and lateral diffusion is hypothesised at the substrate-coating interface owing to the different surface pore architectures of the substrates.