Immune risk factors for recurrent respiratory infections after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children: a retrospective study

Background: infection. Methods: infection between March 2023 and March 2024. Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and imaging findings during hospitalization were collected. Cases were classified as mild or severe according to predefined criteria. RRTIs occurring within 12 months after the index hospitalization were identified through review of subsequent hospital visits and documented diagnoses; patients with incomplete records or missing follow-up data were excluded from recurrence analyses. Results: (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, P=0.045), and higher IgA levels (OR =1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.80, P=0.04), indicating these immunological factors were independently associated with recurrent infections. Conclusions: infection were associated with disease severity and subsequent RRTIs in hospitalized children. Assessment of cellular and humoral immune parameters may help identify children at increased risk of recurrent infections.