The pendulum motion of electrons in a hollow cathode discharge accelerated in the cathode fall is demonstrated with the use of a femtosecond laser pulse and the so-called fast optogalvanic effect. The signals are described quantitatively using a Monte Carlo model for various pressure and current levels. As a result the discharge can be described by the model from start-up to high-current operation.
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Stockhausen et al. (2001) studied this question.
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