A geometric stiffness matrix for a beam element has been derived in a related paper. The derived matrix implies quasitangential behavior of bending moments and semitangential behavior of torques. Use of this element matrix in a three‐dimensional, large displacement analysis can result in an apparent lack of joint equilibrium. Alternative definitions for moments are studied for the purpose of resolving this problem. It is verified that equilibrium of a rotated angle joint can be achieved if each joint moment is defined as a semitangential moment.
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Yang et al. (1986) studied this question.
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