Healable and flexible transparent heaters

and 77% transmittance at 550 nm. Transparent and flexible healable heaters (TFHH) with good mechanical and thermal stability were fabricated using these electrodes for potential applications in thermochromics, electrically driven displays and defrosters. The PU-DA TFHHs exhibited high Joule heating temperatures of 102 °C with a low operation voltage (6 V), fast thermal response (150 s) and enhanced robustness to endure large repeated mechanical strain for over 500 bending cycles with a small variance in resistance (<10%). After deliberate damage by a knife cut, the electrodes were healed and recovered to their original conductivity via a simple heat treatment at 120 °C. Uniquely, the healing process can also be triggered by utilising electrical power.