A sensor design that uses a grating-coupled multimode planar optical waveguide for absolute detection of the refractive indices of liquids or gases is presented. The waveguide consists of a simple 50-microm-thick, free-standing glass plate with air beneath it and the sample to be analyzed on top of it. This design offers a simple alternative to the well-known monomode waveguides, and, owing to its so-called reverse-symmetry configuration, a large detection range can be obtained.
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Skivesen et al. (2003) studied this question.
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