Abstract 4-Alkyl-3-trifluoromethyl-2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid esters (2) were conveniently prepared by the reaction of trifluoromethylated β-nitro acetates (1) with ethyl isocyanoacetate. The pyrroles were converted into the corresponding porphyrins via tetramerization of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrroles.
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Ono et al. (1989) studied this question.