Sexual Dimorphism in the Rabbit Masseter Muscle: Myosin Heavy Chain Composition of Neuromuscular Compartments

The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform composition of six adult (>7 months old) male and female rabbit masseter muscles was studied using seven monoclonal antibodies. In matched serial tissue sections, muscle fibers in 10 different neuromuscular compartments were analyzed. Nearly all fibers were found to express one of five phenotypes. They either contained one of four different slow/beta MyHC phenotypes (I(1)-I(4)), nearly all of which co-express cardiac alpha MyHC, or they contained type IIa MyHC. Very few fibers contained slow/beta or cardiac alpha MyHC only or both the alpha/slow/beta and IIa isoforms. Most, but not all, of the compartments studied contained similar proportions of fibers of the five major phenotypes, at least within sex. For 7 of the 10 compartments studied, significant sex differences in the proportion of I(1) and IIa fibers were found. Males contained more IIa fibers and fewer I(1) fibers than females. Fibers of the IIa phenotype were significantly larger than fibers of all of the other phenotypes and larger in males than females.