Adjunctive Corticosteroids decreased the risk of mortality of non-HIV Pneumocystis Pneumonia

OBJECTIVES: A mortality rate of non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected pneumocystis pneumonia (non-HIV PCP) is 30-60%. But the effectiveness of adjunctive corticosteroids with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been unclear, and we examined whether it lowered risk of mortality in non-HIV PCP. METHODS: We did an observational study of adult non-HIV PCP patients from April 2010 through March 2016, using Japanese nationwide healthcare records of the Diagnostic Procedure Combination database (DPC). The risk was estimated by the time-dependent Cox regression analyses with inverse probability weights. RESULT: >60mm Hg) at hospital admission. Among patients with severe respiratory status, the adjunctive corticosteroids was associated with lower risk of 60-day mortality (HR 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.91), and significantly decreased mortality rates (24.7% vs 36.6%, P=0.006). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the risk of 60-day mortality (HR 1.17; 95% CI, 0.73-1.86) and the mortality rate (10.9% vs 9.1%, P=0.516) among patients with moderate respiratory status. CONCLUSION: The adjunctive corticosteroids were associated with lower risk of 60-day mortality in severe non-HIV PCP patients.