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How fluoride acts to prevent caries as well as cause demineralization is not well understood. Tunnels located inside apatite crystals are acting as ions exchangers favoring diffusion pathways, and substitution of ions such as fluoride inside the crystal lattice. Cariostatique effects prevent the carious decay, increasing the mineral solubility and remineralization. Given systemically or topically, fluorides added to water or used as salt, varnish, gel or paste, decrease the number and severity of carious lesions on deciduous and/or permanent erupted teeth. It comes out from fluoride supplementation that dental fluorosis may be induced.
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Michel Goldberg (2018) studied this question.