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A complex worldwide issue, water shortage is a result of a number of causes including urbanization, population expansion, climate change, and ineffective water management techniques. Millions are impacted by this shortage, which has an effect on environmental sustainability, economic growth, and human health. Holistic strategies, such as infrastructure development, legislative changes, integrated water resource management, and water conservation, are required to overcome the shortage of water. Case examples illustrate the various global expressions of water shortage and underscore the need of cooperative efforts and proactive management. Mitigating water shortage may be achieved through sustainable solutions including desalination, IWRM projects, groundwater recharge, rainfall collecting, and water conservation initiatives. Decision-making procedures are guided by evaluation characteristics such societal acceptance, costeffectiveness, environmental sustainability, and availability to clean water. In order to help choose compromise solutions that strike a balance between several objectives and restrictions, the VIKOR technique offers a framework for multi-criteria decision-making.
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