The Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed one-pot reaction of 2-allyl-3-iodo-1-tosyl-1H-indoles and terminal alkynes afforded carbazoles highly efficiently via sequential carbon-carbon coupling, isomerization, cyclization, and aromatization forming a benzene ring. Both Pd and Cu are responsible for the coupling step, while K2CO3 was observed to be critical for the subsequent cyclization.
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Zhu et al. (2014) studied this question.
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