Terahertz time-domain imaging of hidden defects in wooden artworks: application to a Russian icon painting

We use terahertz time-domain imaging and time-of-flight tomography to examine subsurface defects in an early-19th-century Russian icon painting. In the transmission geometry, we distinguish between native wood and higher-absorption knotted wood. In reflection, we identify a void in the wood filled with foreign filler material. By using time-of-flight tomographic analysis, we ascertain the depth of burial of the defects. This information helps us to identify the cause of surface faults in the painting, thus allowing the conservators to choose an adequate restoration strategy.