Key result
Co-infections with DNA viruses were highly prevalent in PCV2-positive Vietnamese pigs in 2021, including PBoV (65.9%) and TTV2 (63.6%), with double and triple infections each occurring in 29.5%.
Why the study?
Very few studies have evaluated co-infections involving multiple pathogens in Vietnam, prompting an investigation into single and multiple PPV, PBoV, and TTV infections in Vietnamese pigs.
Cross-Sectional (n=174)
Yes
The study demonstrates a high prevalence of coinfecting DNA viruses among pigs in Vietnam, highlighting the need for monitoring to prevent porcine respiratory disease complex.
Co-infections with PPV, PBoV, and TTV are prevalent in Vietnamese pigs; leaves open their role in disease complexes pending controlled studies.
Background and Aim: Many studies have reported on the phenomenon of co-infections involving two or more pathogens (bacteria or viruses) over the past few years. However, very few studies on this issue were conducted in Vietnam. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the circulation of single and multiple porcine parvovirus (PPV) (e.g., PPV1, PPV2, PPV3, and PPV4), porcine bocavirus (PBoV), and torque teno virus (TTV) (TTV1 and TTV2) infections in Vietnamese pigs. Materials and Methods: A total of 174 porcine circovirus 2-positive samples from pigs (n = 86 for 2017 and n = 88 for 2021), including from the sera and internal organs, across 11 provinces were examined by polymerase chain reaction. Results: This study demonstrated the wide distribution of DNA viruses among pig farms in Vietnam in 2021, with the detection rate for PPV ranging from 3.4% to 27.3% among PPV1-PPV4. Moreover, the detection rates of TTV genotypes were confirmed to be 14.8% (TTV1) and 63.6% (TTV2), respectively, and the positive rate of PBoV was 65.9%. The most frequent combinations were double and triple infections. Double infection was found in 16/86 (18.6%) in 2017 and 26/88 (29.5%) in 2021, while triple infection was found at 19/86 (22.1%) in 2017 and 26/88 (29.5%) in 2021. The incidence of simultaneous detection of more than three viruses was low. Conclusion: These results provide at least partial information about the occurrence of three viruses, including PPV (including PPV1 to 4), PBoV, and TTV (TTV1 and TTV2), in pigs. Determination of particular viruses in pigs will help to prevent the porcine respiratory disease complex caused by DNA viruses in Vietnamese pigs in the future.
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Nguyen et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in PCV2-positive pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and respiratory diseases (n=174). DNA virus co-infection (PPV, PBoV, TTV) was evaluated on Prevalence of single and multiple DNA viral infections. Co-infections with DNA viruses were highly prevalent in PCV2-positive Vietnamese pigs in 2021, including PBoV (65.9%) and TTV2 (63.6%), with double and triple infections each occurring in 29.5%.
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