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Lignin-containing micro/nano fibrillated cellulose (L-MNFCs) and phosphorylated L-MNFCs were produced from beechwood sawdust by combining steam explosion (SE) pretreatment, a bleaching step, a phosphorylation reaction using urea and etidronic acid, and an ultra-fine grinding. The contents of phosphorus and nitrogen on the cellulose surface were obtained by elemental analysis (P ≈ 2.7% and N ≈ 1.2% respectively). The chemical composition of the pulps was assessed by ionic chromatography (HPAEC PAD) and the morphology of phosphorylated (L-)NMFCs were analyzed by Morfi Neo. The successful grafting of phosphate groups was verified by FTIR, 13C CPMAS, 31P NMR. Thermal and fire behaviors were examined by TG/DTG analysis and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC). It was found that SE pretreatment itself can significantly improve the thermal degradability and fire resistance of L-MNFCs. Phosphorylated (lignocellulosic) micro/nano fibrillated cellulose exhibiting a remarkable elevation in their thermal degradation and flame-retardancy have been produced.
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Cheng et al. (2022) studied this question.