The symbols as used in the text are defined as follows: p — uniform stress on cross sec-tion due to prestress c — distance to the longitudinal crack from the bottom of beam e — distance to the applied force from the bottom of beam P — applied force L — distance from the end of the beam to a cross section where the stresses are linear due to P M- unbalanced moment on a free body formed by a longitudi-nal crack T — total tensile force to be sup-plied by the stirrups C — vertical compression force (on the free body formed by a horizontal crack) h — height of the anchorage zone (or beam) f ' — cylinder strength of concrete at the time of testing F — force in one reinforcing bar A — area of one reinforcing bar s — slip of one reinforcing bar w — crack width f 8 — stress in stirrups
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Gergely et al. (1967) studied this question.