Flexible bioelectronics for electrochemical skin conductance measurement

Skin conductance (SC) is a core physiological signal that can directly characterize human sympathetic nerve activity, emotional fluctuations, and cognitive states, creating an urgent demand for long-term, accurate, and non-invasive SC monitoring technology in the fields of intelligent medical treatment and human–computer interaction. Traditional measurement methods based on rigid electrodes suffer from poor skin interface matching and severe motion artifacts, which fail to meet the requirements of real-time monitoring in dynamic scenarios. Starting from the physiological basis of SC, this review illustrates the core mechanism of sweat gland activity regulated by sympathetic nerves, and elaborates in detail the measurement principle and key technologies based on Ohm’s law. At the device design level, this paper focuses on the key design points of ionic conductors, electronic conductors, and composite materials, analyzes the optimization effect of micro-nanostructure innovation on device performance, and summarizes the typical applications of the technology. In view of the core challenges faced by current flexible electrodes, this paper points out that future research will focus on the collaborative breakthrough of environmental adaptability and personalized matching, providing a systematic theoretical reference for the research, development and application of SC measurement technology.