The compositional design of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3–Pb(Ni, Nb)O3 ceramics to lower the sintering temperature and improve their piezoelectric properties was investigated. The nonstoichiometric composition containing excess NiO or PbO and NiO can be densified at 800°C. The excess NiO composition can be fabricated in the firing temperature range of 900 to 1050°C without decreasing the electromechanical coupling factor. Using the new techniques, PZT–Pb(Ni, Nb)O3 ceramics prepared by the conventional powder process can be fired at low temperatures below 1000°C.
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Shiratsuyu et al. (2000) studied this question.
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