Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The usual way to align a liquid crystal layer homogeneously is rubbing the substrate, wherby micro-grooves are produced. We investigated the orienting influence of micro-grooves of variable density using different substrate materials and different liquid crystals. Some theoretical considerations concerning the aligning effect on liquid crystals of surface deformations are presented.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Wolff et al. (1973) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: