Clinical Assessment of Injectable Flowable Composite with Giomer-based Technology vs Smart Bioactive Restoration in Carious Class V Cavities: An 18-month Randomized Clinical Trial

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the oral cavity by releasing calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions, thus helps to maintain the chemical integrity of the tooth structure.5 These materials can be influenced by a variety of stimuli, including pH, moisture, temperature, and stress.These bioactive materials can IntroductIonDental caries was thought to be a progressive condition that needed to be completely removed to prepare a cavity.Since dental caries is now recognized as a disease that may be prevented and reversed, efforts have focused on reducing its occurrence and reversing early lesions through ion precipitation remineralization. 1 Furthermore, the selective caries removal approach was made feasible by the potential to remineralize dentin collagen that has been partially demineralized by dental caries. 2 Nowadays, fully demineralized dentin matrix has been successfully remineralized using recent biomimetic remineralization techniques.3 Several materials have been successively used to restore class V cavities, including glass-ionomer cement (GIC), resinmodified GIC, and composite resin.Although composite resin is the most popular restoration because of its esthetic and strength, polymerization shrinkage remains the main drawback of composite, which eventually causes failure and caries recurrence via marginal leakage.4 The term "smart materials" refers to the relatively new concept of bioactive restorative materials, which are stated to have more fluoride release than glass ionomers.