Visualization of Welding Phenomena with High Speed Video Camera and X-Ray Transmission Real-Time Observation System

Keyhole 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm Welding direction Surface tension Vapor stream 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm Keyhole Welding direction Keyhole 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm Welding direction Surface tension Vapor stream Keyhole 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm Welding direction Surface tension Vapor stream 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm Keyhole Welding direction 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm Keyhole Welding direction Ar shielding in air Ar shielding in Ar (0% O 2 ) Schematic of melt flow Welding condition Type 304; YAG; P 1 = 3.3 kW, v = 10 mm/s, f d = 0 mm Melt flow Laser beam Molten pool Keyhole Welding direction Plume Bubble Porosity Melt flow Laser beam Molten pool Keyhole Welding direction Plume Bubble Porosity Melt flow Laser beam Molten pool Keyhole Welding direction Plume Bubble Porosity Melt flow Laser beam Molten pool Keyhole Welding direction Plume Bubble Porosity Ar shielding in air Ar shielding in Ar (0% O 2 ) Schematic of melt flow Welding condition