Absorption measurements and electron microprobe analysis are used to determine the density of Cu1+ and Cu2+ ions in a photorefractive KTa1−x Nbx O3 :Cu,V sample. Photorefractive measurements are made over a wide range of Cu1+ and Cu2+ concentrations, altered by a series of oxidation and reduction treatments. Diffraction efficiencies were varied by over an order of magnitude while erasure rates were varied by over two orders of magnitude.
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Leyva et al. (1990) studied this question.
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