The ferroelectrics whose spontaneous polarization vector cannot be turned in the opposite direction but can be turned in another direction by means of an electric field are considered to be possible, although none of them have yet been discovered. As the first stage of the study of these ferroelectrics, it is shown that there are, in all, 33 possible species of them as distinguished according to the point group of the prototype and the total number and orientation of the equivalent ferroelectric axes.
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Kêitsirô Aizu (1967) studied this question.