Non-planar geometries of solution processable transparent conducting oxide: from film characterization to architectured electrodes

Transparent conducting Ga : ZnO films were synthesized directly on glass substrates via a low-temperature aqueous route for application in dye-sensitized solar cells. Preliminary electrical and optical characterization of the films showed that 85% transparency across the optical range with sheet resistances as low as 15 Ω sq−1 were achievable, making them comparable to commercial transparent conducting oxides. Novel non-planar transparent conducting electrodes consisting of pillars, cross-hatched trenches and pit structures were fabricated to produce films with increased surface roughness and enhanced light scattering capabilities which are essential for photovoltaic applications. The work concludes with proof of concepts demonstrating the feasibility of large-scale fabrication and the compatibility of the electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells.