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We found that the irreversible field of the c-axis oriented superconducting Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (Bi-2223) tapes irradiated with 5.8 GeV Pb ions collapsed at temperatures approximately 75% of Tc regardless of fluence. This result may indicate an ultimate limit for the field application of Bi-2223/Ag tapes at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K), since the columnar defects produced by heavy ions are the most efficient pinning centers known so far for the flux lines in a layered superconducting system.
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Li et al. (1997) studied this question.
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