Second-harmonic components generated from plastic-deformed metal rods are detected in real time using a double-layered piezoelectric transducer (DLPT). The DLPT is composed of two transducers with the resonance frequency f 0 ; its resonance frequencies are f 0 /2 when the transducers are connected in parallel and f 0 when the transducers are connected in series. The performance of the DLPT used in this ultrasonic system is evaluated. Samples of plastic-deformed metal rods are prepared using tensile test equipment. The relative amplitude of the second-harmonic component of the metal rod increased by approximately 25 dB after the tensile tests compared with that before the tensile tests. The variation in tensile load of the second-harmonic components generated by plastic-deformed metal rods is accurately measured by our system.
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Fukuda et al. (2007) studied this question.
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