For negative surface ionization, expressions similar to those for positive ions are obtained for the relationship between the ionic current and the input flux, and the temperature and the electric accelerating field, assuming a linear variation of the desorption heats for negative ions and atoms with the degree of coverage of the ionizer surface. The theoretical study of hysteresis phenomena is qualitatively confirmed by experiments involving surface ionization of iodine atoms on polycrystalline lanthanum hexaboride. An estimate is given for iodine negative-ion desorption heat on lanthanum hexaboride.
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Pelletier et al. (1979) studied this question.
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