Grating-coupled surface-emitting semiconductor lasers have been integrated with focusing and spot array generating diffractive beam-forming elements. The lasers have an unstable resonator producing a 160-μm-wide single spatial mode. The area of the outcoupler element is 160 μm×240 μm. For an outcoupler focusing at 500 μm above the surface the spot size is 9 μm×17 μm The spot size is primarily limited by aberrations in the wavefront of the guided mode.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Eriksson et al. (1997) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: