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The especially attractive structure of the complex anion 1 demonstrates that sugars need not be derivatized for the construction of stable metal complexes. The two β-cyclodextrin tori (deprotonated a total of 19 times) are linked by Cu2+ ions to form the double torus shown schematically on the right; the hydrophobic interior is divided into two halves by a heptagon of lithium atoms and a heptagon of water molecules.
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Fuchs et al. (1993) studied this question.
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