In this paper, we demonstrate the electrochemical properties of a P2-type layered oxide, Na x (Ni 2+ ) 1/3 (Ti 4+ ) 2/3 O 2 (x = 2/3), as "bi-functional" electrode material for room temperature, non-aqueous Na-ion batteries. Making use of the high-voltage redox couple Ni 2+ /Ni 3+ or the low-voltage redox couple Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ , we substantiate Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Ti 2/3 O 2 can function either as a cathode with an average voltage of 3.7 V and 75 mAh/g at C/20 or a anode with an average voltage of 0.7 V and 75 mAh/g at C/20. The cathodic Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Ti 2/3 O 2 displays reversible sodium insertion/extraction but has a lower rate capability compared with anodic Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Ti 2/3 O 2 .
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Ragurethinam Shanmugam (2014) studied this question.