Factors Affecting Assessment of Parasitization by Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. and Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.) on Spruce Budworm Larvae

Sampling to obtain valid estimates of the degree of parasitism in natural populations of insects presents a difficult problem to the quantitative-minded investigator. The method used must adhere to the principles of random sampling, yet it must be truly representative with respect to the occurrence of the parasite in its sampling universe, the host insect, in both time and space.