Sonographically Guided Lumbar Spine Procedures

Sonoanatomy of the lumbosacral spine in the long axis. This video shows, from the midline laterally, the midline spinous process view, the parasagittal laminar view, the articular process (facet) view, the transverse process view, and the paraspinal musculature. Sonoanatomy of the lumbosacral spine in the short axis. This video shows, from cephalad to caudad, L2 to S1 in short-axis views. Note the transition from the characteristic L5 spinous process to the rudimentary S1 spinous process (median sacral crest). Lumbar medial branch block: transverse (cross-axis) view. This video shows a needle being placed in the transverse (cross-axis) view for a left lumbar L3 medial branch block. Lumbar medial branch block: parasagittal transverse process view. This video shows the appropriate needle position in the cephalad portion of the transverse process as confirmed on the parasagittal transverse process view. The needle tip is visualized in an out-of-plane view; thus, the motion of the needle tip is used as the primary visual confirmation. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.