What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Review. Population: Cardiovascular disease in women. Intervention: Echocardiography.

August 31, 2026Journal of Cardiovascular ImagingOpen Access

Echocardiography requires sex-specific reference values to accurately diagnose cardiovascular disease in women.

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Why the study?

In women, smaller cardiac size, higher baseline ejection fraction, and technical limitations may affect echocardiographic interpretation across relevant cardiovascular conditions.

Design

Review

Key result

Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for evaluating cardiovascular disease in women, requiring consideration of sex-specific physiological differences and reference values for accurate diagnosis.

Authors

SKSo Ree Kim SPSeong-Mi Park

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Echocardiography aids evaluation of female-specific CVD; leaves open prospective validation of sex-specific norms before broader guideline adoption.

Structured PICO

Population

Women with or at risk for cardiovascular conditions, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, coronary microvascular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease, stress-induced cardiomyopathy, and pregnancy-related changes

Intervention

Echocardiography

Echocardiography is a crucial, safe imaging modality for evaluating cardiovascular diseases in women, though specific physiological differences like smaller cardiac size and higher baseline ejection fraction must be considered during interpretation.

Limitations

Image quality may be compromised by poor acoustic windows or attenuation from breast tissue or breast implants.
The technique remains operator-dependent, introducing potential variability in measurements.
Women have higher false-positive rates during stress echocardiography.

Cite This Study

Kim et al. (2026) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease in women. Echocardiography was evaluated. Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for evaluating cardiovascular disease in women, requiring consideration of sex-specific physiological differences and reference values for accurate diagnosis.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a96f058c00de92d9bfbd852 https://doi.org/10.1186/s44348-026-00091-8

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August 31, 2026Journal of Cardiovascular ImagingOpen Access

Echocardiography requires sex-specific reference values to accurately diagnose cardiovascular disease in women.

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Why the study?

In women, smaller cardiac size, higher baseline ejection fraction, and technical limitations may affect echocardiographic interpretation across relevant cardiovascular conditions.

Design

Review

Key result

Authors

SKSo Ree Kim SPSeong-Mi Park

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Echocardiography aids evaluation of female-specific CVD; leaves open prospective validation of sex-specific norms before broader guideline adoption.

Structured PICO

Population

Intervention

Echocardiography

Limitations

Image quality may be compromised by poor acoustic windows or attenuation from breast tissue or breast implants.
The technique remains operator-dependent, introducing potential variability in measurements.
Women have higher false-positive rates during stress echocardiography.

Cite This Study

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a96f058c00de92d9bfbd852 https://doi.org/10.1186/s44348-026-00091-8

Also Consider

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