Epidemiology and pathophysiology of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in head trauma

Posttraumatic smell and taste deficits are seldom appreciated as potential sources of Impairment and resultant functional disability. This article reviews information regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prognosis of posttraumatic olfactory and gustatory deficits. Recent findings demonstrate that olfactory deficits correlate with severity of brain injury and are present In 20% to 30% of severe head injuries. Gustatory deficits are relatively rare, having an incidence of less than 0.5%. By understanding issues regarding incidence, etiology, and assessment methods for these posttraumatic conditions, clinicians will be better able to direct patient care In terms of diagnosis and rehabilitation.