Advancements and challenges of patterning biomolecules with sub-50 nm features

In recent years, the patterning of biomolecules with sub-50 nanometer resolution has enabled fundamental studies on cellular interactions with their environment and the development of densely packed biosensors. To further these efforts, the ability to precisely position multicomponent, single biomolecules and small clusters in various shapes and patterns has emerged as a major challenge. We highlight recent strategies to immobilize biomolecules with sub-50 nanometer resolution, emphasizing the advancements and challenges associated with each approach.