Synergy of Anomalous Transport and Radiation in the Density Limit

The critical plasma density n(cr) above which the edge anomalous transport in tokamaks is dominated by drift resistive ballooning instability is found analytically. In this transport regime, the drastic increase of particle losses and drop of the edge temperature provoke a strong increase in impurity radiation, and thermal equilibrium does not exist if the density is ramped up above the ultimate limit n(max). Because of the nonlinear character of impurity radiation, this density limit n(max) is very close to n(cr) and practically does not change with the ion effective charge. The importance of the synergy between the anomalous transport and impurity radiation for the density limit phenomenon is confirmed by the results of numerical simulations.