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The formation of plug potential is usually observed in a tandem mirror experiment without neutral beam injection in the plug region [Phys. Plasmas 2, 2321 (1995)]. The formation requires only the electron cyclotron resonance heating experimentally. In this Letter the plug potential is analytically shown to be created in a tandem mirror with passing ions, mirror trapped ions in the thermal barrier, passing electrons and φ-trapped electrons in a plug potential but without high energy sloshing ions.
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Katanuma et al. (1996) studied this question.
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