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We present a modified variational analysis for a two-waveguide coupler in which the trial fields are chosen as a linear combination of the fields of the individual waveguides, with the waveguide separation as an additional variational parameter. The results for fields and propagation constants show significant improvement over coupled-mode theory and earlier reported variational methods, with almost no increase in numerical effort.
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Gupta et al. (1993) studied this question.
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