Neither in the solid state, nor in solution—proof of the existence of indigoid compounds such as 1 with thioxo instead of oxo groups remains elusive. The oxidation of leucoindigoid precursors does not lead to 1 in any example examined, but rather to the valence isomeric 1,2-dithiines 2 or to macrocyclic bisdisulfides, depending on the heteroatom X (S, NCH3, NH, O).
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Schroth et al. (1994) studied this question.
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