Theory for finite-phase traveling-wave boundary-guided transport of triboelectrified particles

Numerical simulations are used to picture synchronous and asynchronous domains of traveling-wave pumping of charge-conserving particles (having mass m, charge q, radius a, and mobility b) in terms of the dimensionless frequency Omega =( omega /k)/(bE/sub 0/), mass M=(m/q) (kb) (bE/sub 0/), and gravitational acceleration G=mg/qE/sub 0/, where k and omega are the wavenumber and angular frequency of the imposed wave and E/sub 0/=kV, where V is the peak voltage. The effects of having a finite number of phases consisting of discrete electrodes covered by a semi-insulating layer are highlighted. The time-average velocity in the direction of wave travel is found to be synchronous (have velocity omega /k) for 0>