Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
An automatic measuring system was developed for measuring overvoltages, and it was applied to 550 kV power stations and substations in service. This system has been in operation since June 1987, and 176 records have been successfully obtained. Induced-lightning surges, back-flashover surges due to lightning, circuit-breaker-closing surges, and gas-insulated-substation (GIS)-disconnector-switching surges were recorded. Using simple EMTP analysis, the authors were able to reproduce the fundamental characteristics of the measured waveforms. The authors report on such measured data and on the results of data analysis.>
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Okabe et al. (1991) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: