Key result
External cardiac pacemakers for cardiac asystole are limited by skin burns and severe pain, prompting the development of internal pacemaking methods.
This paper discusses the early development and application of endocardial pacemaking and permanent internal cardiac pacemakers for patients with severe bradycardia or asystole.
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External pacing limitations may favor internal devices in asystole; leaves open optimal modern strategies for severe bradycardia.
SEVERAL methods have been developed in the past decade for the management of patients with repeated episodes of cardiac asystole or ventricular rates too slow to permit adequate perfusion of vital organs. Drug therapy has often proved disappointing. Recent emphasis has centered on various mechanical means of controlling the ventricular rate. Zoll and his co-workers1 have pioneered in the latter approach, employing external cardiac pacemakers that require relatively high voltage and current density. Skin burns have resulted from prolonged use — that is, for more than twenty-four hours. Severe pain has also been a problem. Weirich, Gott and Lillehei2 treated . . .
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Abelson et al. (1961) studied Cardiac asystole or slow ventricular rates. Endocardial pacemaking and insertion of a permanent internal cardiac pacemaker was evaluated. External cardiac pacemakers for cardiac asystole are limited by skin burns and severe pain, prompting the development of internal pacemaking methods.
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