Using electromagnetic theory, we first establish that a triangular-groove dielectric grating can be optimized to concentrate all the transmitted energy into only one transmitted order. This is done by evaporating an infinitely thin layer of a perfectly conducting metal on the small facet of the grooves. The +1-order transmitted efficiency then approaches 96%, the difference from 100% being due to only the Fresnel normal reflection on the large facet. Second, a similar study is conducted with an antireflection coating added to the large facet. A diffraction efficiency of 100% is then theoretically obtained.
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Nevière et al. (1990) studied this question.
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