Trend-setting: Alkaline earth metals are good catalysts for a number of direct addition reactions with carbonyl compounds. In Mannich reactions the stereochemical outcome can be controlled by the reaction conditions and the alkaline earth metal used (see scheme: Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl, HMDS=hexamethyldisilazide).
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Uli Kazmaier (2009) studied this question.
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